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Over view 1.) Future tense: subject + verb Indicates Action in the Future Positive- They will go Negative-They will not go Question-Will they go Will can be substituted by the word might/may/Shall . Shall is frequently used in making suggestions, invitations etc. Will generally expresses & carries more strength Usages 1.Future facts and certainties ?I’ll go to the shop with you 2.Promises ?I'll put the information in the e-mail 3.Predictions (Based on no present evidence, as opposed to 'be going to') ?It'll snow before morning. 4.Assumptions/speculations ?That'll be the landlord at the door. ?What will happen to the car next week? 5.Spontaneous decisions (contrast with 'be going to' for planned decisions) ?I'll get my car 6.Threats ?You'd better go before the police catch you. 2.) Future Continuous: subject + will + be + verb +ing (present participle) Affirmative-I'll be waiting for you. Yes/no questions-Will you be holding a red rose?/ Yes, I will// No, I won't. Negatives- I won't be wearing a hat Usages The future continuous form is used in the following ways: 1. To say that something will be in progress at a particular moment in the future This time tomorrow I'll be sleeping 2. To 'predict the present' to say what we think or guess might be happening now – John John will probably be having dinner now. 3. For polite inquiries referring to other people's plans, but not to influence the listener's intentions Will you be coming to the football match? 4. To refer to future events which are fixed or decided (without suggesting personal intention) I will be giving another cooking lesson at the same time next week. 3.) Future Perfect: will + have + past participle Affirmative-I will have worked here for 2 years Yes/no questions-Will you have worked..?/Yes, I will. /No, I won't. Negatives-She will not have worked... Usages 1.The future perfect tense is used to say that something will have been done, completed or achieved by a certain time in the future.E.g ?The bank says they'll have arranged the overdraft by Monday. 2.The perfect structures are all relative. In the case of the future perfect, we look back on the past (a completed action) from a future standpoint. That is "past in the future".E.g ?By the end of the summer I will have reached Kenya 4.) Future Perfect Continuous: will + have + been + verb + ing Affirmative-I will have been playing for seven years. Yes/no questions-Will you have been playing...? Negatives-Yes, I will./ No, I won't./He will not have been Playing... ?Will can change into MIGHT/ MAY & WILL NOT into WON’T Usage 1.We can use the future perfect continuous to say how long something will have continued by a certain time.E.g By the time you get here, I'll have been drinking for half an hour The future perfect continuous often includes an adverbial expression that begins with by e.g. By next year. 5.) be going + infinitive ('going to' future): verb 'to be' in the present, plus going to, plus base form of verb Affirmative-I am going to play football next week Yes/no questions-Are you going to play football next week?/Yes, I am. / No, I'm not Negatives-I am not going to play football next week. This tense can cause confusion, as the structure looks very similar to the present continuous, especially when the present continuous form uses the verb 'to go'. The difference is that the 'be going to' structure is always followed by a verb. Usages Intentions ?I'm not going swimming Predictions based on present evidence ?I think it's going to shine later! Plans (decisions made before speaking) ?I am going to visit the Kenya in April. The 'be going to' future's usage is frequently confused with the future simple. The two structures are often taught together to help students appreciate the differences. 6.) Present Simple Affirmative: (subject + base form [+s/es]) Negative: (subject + aux. verb 'do' + not + base form) Question: (aux. verb 'do' + subject + base form) Affirmative-He/she/it works Yes/no question-Does he/she/it work? Negatives-He/she/it doesn't work Usages see present tenses. To suggest a more formal situation ?Our new shop opens next month. For timetables and schedules ?The train to Nairobi leaves from platform 6 at 10.30 a.m. To suggest a more impersonal tone (often implying an outside compulsion) ?We start filming tomorrow 7.) Present Continuous : sub +aux verb have +been + verb ing Affirmative- I have been drinking Negative-I haven’t drink Question-Have I been drinking Usages For definite arrangements ?We're taking our holiday in July. (We've booked it and bought the tickets) ?I'm going for a drink later. For decisions and plans without a time frame ?I'm leaving you