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Teaching New Language
Vocabulary, Grammar and Functions
Four basic things students should do with language:
Be exposed to it
Understand its meaning
Understand how it is constructed
Be able to practice and produce it
Commonly lessons that are targeted to grammar and vocabulary use the straight way ESA approach where as function-based lessons are more commonly approached by boomerang or patchwork ESA structures.
Teaching vocabulary
Receptive vocabulary: Words that the student knows but does not use.
Productive vocabulary: Words that the student knows and uses.
Techniques for teaching a vocabulary item:
Engage:
Realia
Mime and action
Pictures
Contrast
Discussion
Discovery
Study:
Gap-fill exercises
Word searches
Cross-words
Matching exercises
Example sentences
Pronunciation such as drilling
Study from texts and dialogues
Activate:
Open class, small group or pair discussion
Role play
Simulation
Story building
Material production (poster, advertisement etc)
Debate
Introducing grammatical structures:
Students need to know:
What the language means (meaning)
Use
Forms and patterns
Spoken and written form
Techniques for presenting and practising language structures:
Engage:
Discussion
Scenario building
Prompting
Question and answer
Using pictures, drawings, real objects, mime etc.
Study:
Intonation and pronunciation patterns
Looking at the language in context through texts and dialogues.
Choral and individual repetition (drilling)
Gap fills
Information gaps
Sentence word order activities
Sentence building
Activate:
Communication games
Role play
Story building
Discussion debate
Typical ESA grammar lesson:
Engage: students discuss favorite books/films, what they like about them etc.
Activate: In pairs, students write a short synopsis of a book or a film they have seen.
Study: From the synopsis, they discuss the use of the simple past tense.
Activate: In groups students write short stories from picture prompts.
Study: Group passes stories to another group who checks for the correct usage of the simple past tense
Activate: Chain story communication game.
Teaching Language Functions:
Typical ESA lesson (inviting):
Engage: Students talk in open class about their favorite leisure activities.
Activate: students walk around the class inviting peers to join them in their favourite activities.
Study: Teacher and students listen to invitation dialogue on tape
Activate: Using new language students role play in pairs
