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Conditionals are more well known as "if" clauses. Here are the types of conditional clauses: 1. Zero conditional - if/when present tense, present tense. (If you drink a lot of alcohol, you become intoxicated.) 2. First conditional - if + present simple, will. (If you work hard, you will get a raise.) 3. Second conditional - if + past simple, would/could/might + base form. (If I were you, I would move to Asia.) 4. Third conditional - if + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle. (If we had known how hard the exam was, we would have studied much longer.) 5. Mixed conditional - if + past perfect, would + base form. (If I had known tickets were that cheap, I would be at the concert right now!) Reported speech is used when discussing something that occurred in the past. Because of this, you cannot repeat what the discussed person said in the same tense. It must be referred to as past action/statements. For example, if Sam said "I love this cake!" and my mother asked how Sam liked it, I would say "Sam said she loved it." Here is a list of verb tenses and how they are converted when they are used in reported speech: 1. present simple --> past simple 2. present continuous --> past continuous 3. present perfect -->past perfect 4. present perfect continuous --> past perfect continuous 5. past simple --> past perfect 6. past continuous --> past perfect continuous 7. will --> would 8. past perfect --> past perfect 9. past perfect continuous --> past perfect continuous