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Future Tenses 1. Future simple 2. Future continuous 3. Future perfect 4. Future perfect continuous 5. Be going + infinitive 6. Present simple 7. Present continuous Future Simple Future Simple Ex. Affirmative Form Subject + will I shall bake tomorrow. I shall/will You will He/she/it will + Verb We shall/will They will Negative Form I will not/shall not, you will not I will not cook tonight. Question Will you not? Won't you? Won't I? Will you go to the park with me? Used for: Future facts and certainties Promises Predictions (based on no present evidence) Typical student error: confusion between 'be giong to' and the future simple. Teaching ideas: Fortune teling Going on holiday Predicting what others will be like in X amount of time Future Continuous Future Continuous Ex. Affirmative Form Subject + will + be + verb + ing (present participle) I will be waiting for her. Negative Form Subject + will + not + be + verb + ing (present participle) I won't be playing volleyball tomorrow. Question Will you be playing? Will you be holding a pen? Will you be attending the ball? Usages To say something that will be in progress at a particular point in the future. To 'predict the present,' guess what might be happening right now Polite enquiries referring to other people's plans, without an influencing tone. Refer to future events that are fixed or decided Typical student errors: omitting part of the structure. The function of an action that will continue around a specific point in the future. Teaching ideas: arranging diaries/dates, getting out of date from hell Future Perfect Future Continuous Ex. Affirmative Form Will + have + past participle I will have worked here for 2 years. Negative Form Will + have + not+ past participle He will not have finished. Question Will + subject + have + past participle Will you have read the book? Used to express that something will have been done in the future. • Perfect structures are all relative • Future perfect --> look back at past from future standpoint Typical student errors/mistakes Can often be confused with future perfect continuous Distinction between completion of an action by a specific time in future and how long something will have continued by a certain time. Teaching ideas Fill in future diaries Choose a famous historical personage Future Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous Ex. Affirmative Form Will + have +been +verb + ing I will have been working for 7 hours. Negative Form Will + have +been +verb + ing He will not have been studying Question Will + have +been +verb + ing Will you have been studying? How long will something have continued by a certain time? Often includes adverbial expressions that begins with 'by' Typical student errors: see future perfect Be going + infinitive ('going to' future) Be going +infinitive Ex. Affirmative Form Verb 'to be' in the present, plus going to, plus base form verb I am going to the beach tomorrow. Negative Form Not +verb 'to be' in the present, plus going to, plus base form verb I am not going to play volleyball next week. Question Verb 'to be' in the present, plus going to, plus base form verb Are you going to play soccer next week? Used to relay intentions, predictions based on present evidence, and plans. Present Simple Used to suggest a more formal situation (The Ball is next month), for timetables and schedules (the train leaves later this afternoon), and to suggest impersonal tone. Present Continuous Used for definite arrangements (We are going for a drink later) and for decisions/plans that lack a timeframe (I'm leaving you).